What are some common types of modified plastics?

　　I. Enhanced Plastics: The "Iron Man" of Mechanical Properties

　　Reinforced plastics enhance their mechanical strength by incorporating fiber or particulate fillers, with common fillers including glass fibers (accounting for 30%-50%), carbon fibers (10%-20%), and mineral powders such as talc. For example:

　　- Glass-fiber-reinforced PA6: Tensile strength can reach 150–200 MPa, used in automotive engine hoods;

　　- Carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK: Aerospace components with temperature resistance exceeding 260°C (Source: *Plastics Industry* 2022 Annual Report).

　　These materials achieve a 3- to 5-fold increase in stiffness while significantly reducing weight, though they come with higher processing costs.

　　II. Flame-Retardant Plastics: A Key Material for Safety Protection

　　Achieving the UL94 V0 flame-retardant rating through the addition of bromine-based, phosphorus-based flame retardants, or aluminum hydroxide—typical applications include:

　　1. Flame-retardant ABS: Used for electronic and electrical appliance housings, with a flame retardant content of 15%-20%.

　　2. Halogen-free flame-retardant PC: Interior components for high-speed trains, with an oxygen index ≥ 28% (GB/T 2406-2023).

　　III. Impact-Resistant Plastics: Experts in Toughness Enhancement

　　Primarily through elastomer blending (such as POE, EPDM) or toughening agents with a core-shell structure:

　　- PC/ABS alloy: Notched impact strength ≥ 50 kJ/m², used for mobile phone casings;

　　- Toughened PP: Used in automotive bumpers, with low-temperature toughness improved to -30°C without cracking.

　　4. Conductive Plastics: Breaking Through Traditional Insulation

　　Divided into antistatic types (surface resistance of 10⁶–10⁹ Ω) and conductive types (with carbon black/metal fibers added, resistance <100 Ω):

　　1. Conductive PE: Explosion-proof piping with a carbon black content of 20%-30%;

　　2. Electromagnetic Shielding ABS: 5G base station housing, with shielding effectiveness ≥60 dB.

　　V. Biodegradable Plastics: Key Players in the Green Transition

　　Polylactic acid (PLA) and PBAT are the mainstream options, with global production capacity expected to surpass 5 million tons by 2025 (European Bioplastics Association).

　　- PLA-modified film: 180-day natural degradation rate ≥90%;

　　- Starch-based plastic: 15% cheaper than traditional PE, but has poor moisture resistance.